A sport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs. Sports are commonly referred to the activity where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary. Sports have been increasingly organized from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century.The entertainment of sports together with the spread of mass media and increased the leisure time, which has led to the professionalism in sports. At that time the sports and politics can have a large amount of influence on each other.The definition of sports above put forward the idea of an activity pursued not just for the usual purposes for example, running not simply to get places, but running for its own sake. Sports are a very interesting part for our entertainment. Sports (are divided into)provide us so many categories like cricket, badminton, hockey, slots, football, tennis, golf, baseball, basketball and many more popular sports. Games are also an entertaining pass time or an interesting part and they play a very vital role in our life.These days equal stress is laid upon sports and academics in the educational in situations. Sports have become a part and parcel of the education. No college or school can be said to be complete without its sports. In all the games some rules must be followed. Those who play foul are not allowed to play. If rules of the game are not observed games will no longer remain the civilized activities of human beings.Sports are generally divided into four types such as racing, opponent, achievement and mind sports where as the mind sports are divide into two parts such as chess and mastermind.
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Cricket is a game of two teams between eleven players. It is played with the bat and ball as well as it is divided into six overs. Cricket game is established with the team sport. It is the most popular sport in the world.In the cricket, there are three types of bawlers like fast bawlers, spin bawlers and medium pace bawler. The ball has bounces only one time before reaching the batsman. In the sport of cricket, the bawling is like a action of propelling the ball towards the wicket defended by a batsman. It is played on the grass field and roughly in the oval shape.All batsman plays the ball with the wooden type of cricket bat and the remaining members of the bawler's team stand with the different positions. In this game if the batsman not out, then they run between the wickets and exchanging ends with the second batsman.Two-on fields umpires preside over a match. One empire stands on the behind of the bawler's wicket and the other one stands with a side view of the batsman.The cricket field consists of the large oval shaped with the grassy ground. Its diameter is usually between 450 feet to 500 feet. The parameter of the field is known as boundary and the boundary is marked with the painted line or with a rope.The main purpose of the bawler's team is to get the each batsman out and the purpose of the batting team is to score as many runs.

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Tennis is a game of two players and between two players of two team. Along with its millions of players and millions of people follow the tennis as a spectator sport. It is played at all levels of society as well as by all ages in many countries around the world. Now the tennis is the Olympic sport.The tennis match is the composed of sets and the set is basically consists of a number of games which turn in the consist of points. To play the tennis first of all you need a racket, ball, net. The main purpose of this game is simply to hit the ball on the ground of the opponent's side of the court.
It is played on a rectangular court of a grass and a flat surface area. The court for single matches is 78 feet (23.77 m) long and its width is 27 feet. The net is high at the 3 feet in the center and 3 feet 6 inches high at the posts. Net is also divided it into two equal ends as well as it is parallel with the base lines also. The court for double matches is 36 feet (10.97 m).

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Badminton is a sport which is played with the racquet between two opposite players or two opposite pairs. These two opposite players and pairs take the position on opposite sides of the rectangular and it is divided by a net. All players are score the points by just striking the shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and land in their opponents half of the court. The name of shuttlecock is the shortened to shuttle.Badminton is an Olympic sport and it is divided into five disciplines: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles and mixed doubles, in which each pair is man's and woman's. The first badminton club in the world, Bath Badminton club 1877, which transcribed the rules of badminton for the first time. In 1893, the badminton of England association is established the proper set of rules of badminton.
The full width of the badminton court is 6.1 meters and the full length is 13.4. But the width of badminton in single is reduced to 5.18 meters. Generally the net is high, at the edges of 1.55 meters and high in the center of 1.524 meters.In order to play the badminton you need the shots, a net, racket, shuttlecock, short sleeve shirt.In this game the court is fixed in two by the net. If you want to score the points, then you just hit the ball over the net to the opponent's side and the shuttle cannot be out of the markings on the ground. But the most common goals are happen in that case when the shuttlecock hits the athlete, the shuttlecock is hits the twice, the player the net or his or her racket does and the shuttlecock hits the ground before it goes over the net.
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Types of sports

Sports are generally divided into two types such as racing and mind sports.

Racing

Race is a competition of speed. All of the competitors try to complete the given task of the race in a shortest amount of time. Running is a distance of the most form of racing, but the races are mostly conducted in the vehicles like aircraft, cars, boats and animals such as horses. Grassroots racing has proven to be one of the greatest programs in which IF has been envolved.

Mind sports

Mind sports include the two types of games like Chess, Mastermind. These two types of mind sports are given below:

Mastermind
Mastermind is a simple type of code-breaking game for two players which is invented in 1970 by Mordecai Meirowitz. The game is played by using three categories. A decoding board, with a shield at one end and covering a row of large holes and twelve additional rows which is containing the four large holes. Code pegs of six different colors, with round heads which will be placed in the large holes on a board.

Chess
Chess is the recreational game for two players and sometimes also called a Western chess and International chess. But today's the chess is one of the most popular game all over the India. This game is played by a millions of people in clubs, in tournaments, by correspondence, online and informally.There are Sportsbook also avalible in which you can get lots of information on it.
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Football is the game which is played on the rectangular grass. It is played with the ball. In this game, the goalkeeper is the only player who allowed to use their hands and arms to propel the ball. The main purpose of the game is to score by manoeuvring the ball into the opposing goal and the remaining members of the goalkeeper are use their feet to kick the ball into a position. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.

The width of the fields for the non-international matches is in the range of 50-100 yards and the length is in the range of 100-130 yards. The international adult matches may be 64-75 meters in width and the 100-110 meters in length. In the front of each goal, there is also a one area for the penalty.

Football game has been established with the team sport and it is played by two teams of 11 players. It is one of the most popular game in the world. In this game, the points are scored in a variety of ways, by throwing the ball to another player, including carrying the ball over the goal line or kicking the ball through the goal posts on the opposing side.
The main object of the game is to score a point by just clicking the ball into the goal of the other team. There is also a one referee and the two assistant referees.

The basic equipment for the players are required to wear a footwear, shorts, socks, shirt and adequate shin guards. But the goalkeeper must wear the clothing for the easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

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Basketball

Basketball is the game of five players between the two teams. Each player try to score the highest point. In this game, the players are throwing a ball through the 10 feet of high hoop under the some organized rules and it is the most popular sports in the world. Generally the games are played in four quarters of 10 (international) and 12 minutes (NBA). But the college games are used the two twenty minutes halves while the high school games used the eight minutes quarter.

Bottom of the basket was cut open to allow the ball to fall through in 1914, there by eliminating the need to poke out the ball every time when the goal was scored. There is also a one line which is called the arc. Today's the basketball is one of the most popular sport and the most entertainment part of the game in the Philippines, and it is widely reputed to be the national sport of the Philippines.
It was invented by Dr James Naismith in 1891 at the Springfield college in Massachusetts. This game is based on the one or two umpires or the referee and the table officials. The table officials are responsible for each teams scoring.

In the basketball, most of the courts are made of wood. The conditions and rules of the basketball are:
The ball may be batted and thrown in any condition with the one or both hands.
Arms and body must not be used for holding the ball.
The ball must be held by the hands.
The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls while the referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide weather the ball is inbounds, in play and shall keep the time
A goal shall be made in that case when the ball is batted or thrown from the grounds into the basket.
If the ball goes over the backboard and hits the top or side of the backboard, then the ball is out of play.

Events

Multi-sport event is a competition in which athletes complete in a number of different sports. The first multi-sport event organized were the Olympic games which is organized by the international Olympic committee for the first time in 1896. There are number of sports but initially only a few is still growing. Well the Olympic games is also an international sporting event.

At the beginning of 20th century, another multi-sport event, the Nordic games were first held. These games were held in Scandinavia and the sports was generally conducted on winter sports like speed skating and country skiing. But the Olympic games are one of the largest multi sport event in the world.

Nordic games were one of the first international muti sport event that is focused on winter sports. It was organized by the Sweden's central association for the permotion of sports and it was held at varying intervals between 1901 and 1926.

Nordic games are include some of the sports events such as ice-hockey, skeleton, curling and ski-jumping.But some non-winter sports were included only swimming and fencing. Sporting events are basically included many types of games like commonwealth games, Olympic games and the Asian games and it is comprise in different sports like baseball, boxing, basketball, swimming and many more popular sports.

The broadcasting of the sports events are the coverage of sports on radio and television. Sports journalism is the main form of journalism that reports the events and topics and it is an essential element of any news media organization. Access for the sports journalist is easier for the professional sports such as baseball, basketball, ice hockey, football and American football.


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Olympics

Olympics is an international multi sport event which is divided into summer and winter sporting events. But the summer and winter games are held in every four years. The program of Olympic sports are generally consists of 53 disciplines, 35 different sports and more than 400 events.

Winter Olympic games are basically included only 7 sports with 15 disciplines as well as the summer Olympic sports are include 28 sports with 38 disciplines. The original Olympic programme in 1896 includes the nine sports such as weightlifting, swimming, tennis, shooting, wrestling, fencing, cycling, gymnastics and athletics.

The flag of Olympic games has divided into five different interlocking rings on a white ground that is black, blue, green, yellow and red. These five colors of the interlocking rings are represent the five parts of the world that were joined together in the Olympic movement. The five parts of the world are Asia, Australia, Africa, America and Europe.

The flag of Olympic game was first used in the 1920 Olympic games in Antwerp, Belgium. The symbols of the Olympic games are the icons, flags and symbols which are used by the international Olympic committee to permute the Olympic movement. Some such as the flame, fanfare and theme are the prevalent during the Olympic competition. But the others such as a flag can be seen through out the year.

Numbers of organizations are involved in the Olympic games. Three groups of organizations are operate on a specialized area. All of these three groups are mentioned below:

First one is International Federations which is governing the bodies of a sport. Second one is National Olympic committees, are regulate the Olympic movement within each country and the third one is organizing committees for the Olympic games

Software

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Application software
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Applicaion Software that takes care of a variety of business and corporate needs can now be bought of the shelf. These are also called standard software packages. Two popular standard software packages are Financial accounting and inventory control packages. Examples of Software applications are word processors, media players and spreadsheets.

Operating system
Besides the application software and complier software, there is a third kind of software, called operating system, which is very important for the working of the PC. When a user wants to store any data or program, the data or program is stored at a location that is known only to the operating system. Therefore, the operating system programs the task of storage management.

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Hockey

Hockey game is played on the natural grass, gravel, sand based and water based artificial turfs. It is played with the very small hard ball. This type of game was included in the modern Olympic games in 1908. It is the game of 11 players between two teams which is completely against with each other and using their 'hooked' sticks to hit, pass, push and dribble a small, hard, usually white, ball, with one aim in mind-to score the more points by getting their ball into a opponent's goal.

The first hockey club was organized in blackheath in the 1861. The first international match was played between England and Ireland in 1895. Hockey sport is very popular in India when the British regiments played the game in India and introduced it in the British Indian regiments who quickly picked up the game.

In this game all players used the sticks to play the ball where as in the football they used their feet to play the ball and the rules of hockey are similar to the rules of football. Hockey game is played by both men and women. The pitch also has an electronic scoreboard and permanent spectator seating for 350 peoples.

It is played between the two halves of 35 minutes each with a half time of 10 minutes and if you try to score a goal, then you keep the ball away from the other team. It is played outdoors on a grass and synthetic field. Hockey became an olympic sport in the 1908. It is the game of eleven players each on two teams.

It is the game of eleven players each on two teams. In this game you can use only the flat face of stick.

Golf

Golf is the sport game in which the players are using several types of clubs and hits a ball into each hole on the golf course in the lowest possible number of strokes. The first game of golf was played at Bruntsfield links, in Edinburgh, Scotland in A.D. 1456. Now the golf has become the worldwide sport, with a golf courses on the majority of countries.

Golf equipment basically encompasses into various items that are used to play the sport of golf. Players usually carry many types of clubs during the game. In this game, there are three types of club that is irons, woods and putters. Golf is played with in the area of land that is designated by a golf course.

Each game of golf is based on a number of holes and each hole is classified by its par as well as, the par of a hole is determined by the tree-to-green distance. The typical length of the par-three hole ranges between 91 and 224 meters and the length of the par-four hole ranges between 225 and 434 meters. A round is basically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order which is determined by the course layout. On a nine-hole course, a standard round consists of two successive nine hole round.

The clubs of the golf game are divided into six types such as woods, irons, wedges, hybrid woods and putters.In the golf games, the players are sinking the small ball with the few strokes into consecutive holes and the hole is divided into three primary areas like A putting green area, Flat starting point and A fairway.

The course is between 5000 to 7000 yards in the length which consists of 18 holes and the shapes of the holes are like a cup. The actual size of the cup is 4.5 inch in diameter. Golf balls are made of woods that were replaced in the 17th century.

Introduction to Pakistan Sports Board

Pakistan Sports Board was established under the Ministry of Education through the Sports (Development and Control) Ordinance, 1962 as a corporate body for the purposes of promoting and developing uniform standards of competition in sports in Pakistan comparable to the standards prevailing internationally, and regulating and controlling sports in Pakistan on a national basis.

Subsequently, in July, 1977 with the creation of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the administrative control of the Pakistan Sports Board was transferred to it.

The Board has a General Body, with its Headquarters at Islamabad. The General Body consists of 76 members . It lays down the policy and 21 members Executive Committee implements this policy.

Pakistan Sports Board being the supreme body of sports monitors the activities/affairs of National Sports Federations affiliated to it and ensure proper utilization of annual and special grants given by the Board. The annual grants are released to the National Federations to meet their day to day expenses whereas special grants are meant for participation and holding of international sports events. These grants are allocated/approved by the Executive Committee of Pakistan Sports Board keeping in view the popularity of games, achievements of international level and activities of the Federations. At present, 40 National Sports Federations are affiliated with the Board. Each Federation is responsible for promotion and development of its respective game/sports.

List of sports terms named after people

Artistic Gymnastics

* Amanar (vault), after Simona Amanar (Romania).
* Borden (balance beam)- straddle pike jump done from a sideways position on the beam with a ½ or ¾ turn, after Amanda Borden (USA)
* Bhardwaj (uneven bar), after Mohini Bhardwaj (USA).
* Bhavsar (rings)-pull through momentary, front lever press to Maltese, after Raj Bhavsar (USA).
* Bi - Turn (uneven bars), after Bi Wenjing (China).
* Brause (uneven bars)-done from the low bar facing away from the high bar, with a cast to front salto forward and catching the high bar, after Doris Fuchs-Brause (USA)
* Bryan (pommel horse)-scissors with ½ turn to handstand, ½ pirouette and straddle back down,after Casey Bryan. (USA)
* Cassina (horizontal bar), after Igor Cassina (Italy).
* Cheng Fei- Yurchenko 1/2 on - 1 1/2 twist off(vault), after Cheng Fei (China).
* Chow/Khorkina (unven bars)-Stalder 1 1/2 pirouette and Chow II (unven bars)-Stalder to Shaposhnikova, after Amy Chow (USA)
* Comaneci salto (uneven bars), after Nadia Comaneci (Romania).
* Dagget (pommel horse)-scissor backward with ½ counterturn, after Tim Dagget (USA)
* Dawes (uneven bars)-back giant with 1 ½ turn in the handstand, after Dominique Dawes (USA)
* Diomidov (parallel bars), after Sergei Diomidov (USSR).
* Dos Santos (floor) and Dos Santos II (floor), after Daiane dos Santos (Brazil).
* Fontaine (uneven bars dismount)-double somersaulting dismount is a back tuck with ½ twist into a front, after Larissa Fontaine.

* Garrison (floor)-cat leap forward with bent legs and 1 ½ turn, Garrison (balance beam)- free shoulder roll forward to stand or tuck stand without hand support, Garrison (balance beam)-starts from an extended tuck sit, Valdez swing over backward through horizontal plane with support on one arm and Garrison (balance beam)-round-off, tucked full mount, after Kelly Garrison (USA)
* Gatson (parallel bars)-a swing backward with full turn hop to handstand, after Jason Gatson (USA).
* Gaylord I (horizontal bar)-front giant into a one-and-one-half front salto over the bar to regrasp – a front somersault in tuck, pike or straddled position over the bar, after Gaylord II (horizontal bar)-back giant into a layout Gienger (back salto, ½ ) over the bar to regrasp – a front somersault in tuck, pike or straddled position over the bar., after Mitch Gaylord (USA).
* Gienger salto (high bar, uneven bars), after Eberhard Gienger (Germany).
* Grigoraş (beam), after Cristina Elena Grigoraş (Romania).
* Hayden (horizontal bar)-a double salto backward in layout, with full twist over the bar, after Daniel Hayden (USA)
* Henrich (balance beam)-a stag-split,r split leap or jump forward with ½ turn, landing on both feet or in a one-two step-out or a split jump in side position with bending of rear leg backward upward that starts from a cross stand, after Christy Henrich (USA)
* Hindorff (uneven bars), after Sylvia Hindorff (GDR).
* Humphrey (floor)-switch split leap forward with a ¼ turn to side split leap or straddle pike position, after Terin Humphrey (USA)
* Hypolito (floor), after Diego Hypolito (Brazil).
* Jäger-salto (high bar, uneven bars), after Bernd Jäger (GDR).
* Janz Salto (uneven bars), after Karin Janz. (GDR)
* Johnson (floor)-a switch-split leap forward with leg change and ¼ turn to side split leap or straddle pike position, after Brandy Johnson (USA)
* Kasamatsu (vault), after Shigero Kasamatsu (Japan).
* Khorkina I (uneven bars), Khorkina II (uneven bars), Khorkina (balance beam), Khorkina/Chow (uneven bars), Khorkina (floor), Khorkina I (vault) and Khorkina II (vault), after Svetlana Khorkina (Russia).
* Korbut Flip (balance beam)-standing back somersault, Korbut Flip (uneven bars)-standing on the high bar, does back flip, then catches the bar, after Olga Korbut (USSR).
* Liukin (balance beam), after Nastia Liukin (USA)
* Liukin (floor), after Valeri Liukin (USSR)
* Li Li - German Giant (uneven bar), Li Li - 1 1/4 turn on back (balance beam), after Li Li (China).
* Li Ya - salto (uneven bar), Li Ya - dismount after Li Ya (China).
* Mukhina Salto (floor) - double salto forward tucked or piked, with full 360 twist - named after Elena Mukhina.
* Magyar walk (pommel horse), after Zoltan Magyar (Hungary).
* Maloney (uneven bars)-a pike sole circle backward to handstand with a 360° turn after the handstand phase to mixed-L or L grip and Maloney (uneven bars)-begins from an inner front support on the low bar and consists of a pike sole circle backward through a handstand with flight to a hang on the high bar, after Kristin Maloney (USA)
* Ma dismount (uneven bar)-a hecht-front salto-full, after Ma Yanhong (China).
* McCool (balance beam)-The beam mount approaches toward the end of the beam and is a flyspring forward with flight before and after the hand support on the beam and lands on both feet - approach at end of beam, after Courtney McCool (USA)
* McNamara (uneven bars (mount))- a jump to hang on the high bar into a free hip circle to handstand with 1/2 turn in the handstand, after Julianne McNamara (USA)
* Melissanidis (vault)-A round-off entry onto the vault table and after blocking off the vault table, rotates a 2 ½ back somersault, after Melissanidis (Greece)
* Miller (balance beam)-a back dive with a quarter twist to a handstand, followed by a half pirouette and Miller (uneven bars)-a cast to handstand, with a 1 ½ turn after the handstand to a mixed-L grip, after Shannon Miller (USA).
* Mo - salto (uneven bar), after Mo Huilan (China).
* Okino (uneven bars (dismount))-a free hip underswing with ½ twist to layout back salto and Okino (balance beam)- triple pirouette (triple turn), after Elizabeth (Bettty) Okino
* Omelianchik (balance beam) and Omelianchik (vault), after Oksana Omelianchik (USSR).
* O'Neill (still rings)- a stretched double feige backward to a hang, after Paul O'Neill (USA)
* Onodi (balance beam), after Henrietta Onodi (Hungary).
* Pak Salto (uneven bars)-the high bar, does a backward flip, and catches the low bar, after Gyong Sil Pak (North Korea)
* Patterson (balance beam), after Carly Patterson (USA).
* Phelps (vault)- half twist on, half twist off into a front layout, after Jaycie Phelps) (USA)
* Phillps (balance beam)-A handstand straddle split, with a 90 degree backbend, originally performed on the balance beam and press to side handstand, front walkover to side stand on both legs, after Kristie Phillps) (USA)
* Podkopayeva (vault), Podkopayeva floor) - double front somersault with a 1/2 twist, after Lilia Podkopayeva (Ukraine).
* Popa (floor) - straddle pike jump with 1/1 turn (360°), after Celestina Popa (Romania)
* Ray (uneven bars)- a stalder backward with release and counter movement forward to catch the high bar, Ray (uneven bars)- a handstand on the high bar to a pike sole circle backward into a backward counter straddle-reverse hecht over over the high bar and a recatch and Ray (uneven bars (dismount))- An double twisting double layout uneven bar dismount, after Elise Ray (USA)
* The Retton Flip (uneven bars)-a transition (front flip) from low- to high-bar, resulting in the gymnast perched or "sitting" on top of the high bar, after Mary Lou Retton (USA)
* Roth (pommel horse)- from a cross support, rearways, reverse Stockli, wendeswing forward to reverse Stockli to cross support forward on other end, without touching pommels, after Bill Roth (USA)
* Shaposhnikova (uneven bars), after Natalia Shaposhnikova (USSR).
* Shushunova (floor), after Yelena Shushunova (Russia).
* Silivaş mount (balance beam) and Silivaş (floor), after Daniela Silivaş (Romania)
* Strong (uneven bars) and Lori hop (balance beam), after Lori Strong
* Strug (floor)-a tour jete with additional ½ turn and a landing on both feet, after Kerri Strug (USA)
* Talavera (balance beam)-pommel horse like move with the circle done like a flair, after Tracee Talavera
* Teza (balance beam)- Yurchenko loop is performed with a full twisting handspring, after Elvire Teza (France)
* Thomas flair (pommel horse, floor exercise),Thomas (floor)-a 1 ½ salto backward in a tucked or piked position with 1 ½ twists and,Thomas (floor)- 1 ½ salto backward in a layout (straight) position with 1 ½ twists, after Kurt Thomas (USA).
* Tkachev (uneven bars), after Alexander Tkachyov (USSR).
* Tsukahara (vault), after Mitsuo Tsukahara (Japan).
* Wang Huiying - Front Handspring layout barani (vault), after Wang Huiying (China).
* Wells (parallel bars)-a giant swing backward with in-locate forward, after Trent Wells
* White (uneven bars)-a front stalder into an L-grip to handstand with ½ turn in handstand, after Morgan White
* Yang Bo (balance beam), after Yang Bo (China).
* Yurchenko (vault) and Yurchenko loop (balance beam), after Natalia Yurchenko (USSR).

[edit] Association Football

* Bosman ruling, after Jean-Marc Bosman (Belgium).
* Cruijff Turn, after Johan Cruijff (Netherlands).
* Makélélé role (alternative name for a defensive midfielder), after Claude Makélélé (France).
* a la Meazza, after Giuseppe Meazza (Italy).
* a la Piola, after Silvio Piola (Italy).
* Stanley Matthews move, after Sir Stanley Matthews {England).
* Ronaldihno Move (alternative name for elastico), after Ronaldinho (Brazil) who popularized the move invented by Roberto Rivelino (Brazil).
* Jay Jay Okocha Move, after Jay-Jay Okocha (Nigeria).
* Robinho pull back, after Robinho (Brazil).
* Rivelino step over and Turn after Roberto Rivelino (Brazil).
* Juan Riquelme move, after Juan Román Riquelme (Argentina).
* Ferenc Puskás move, after Ferenc Puskás (Hungary)
* Diego Maradona move (alternative name for 360-spin), after Diego Maradona (Argentina).
* Kerlon's Seal dribble, after Kerlon (Brazil).

[edit] Athletics (track and field)

* Fosbury flop, after Dick Fosbury (USA).

[edit] Baseball

* Mendoza Line, named after Mario Mendoza.
* Pesky's pole, named after Johnny Pesky.
* Tal's Hill, named after Tal Smith.
* Tommy John surgery, named after Tommy John.

[edit] Basketball

* Ewing Theory, a term popularized by Bill Simmons named after Patrick Ewing
* Hack-a-Shaq, named after Shaquille O'Neal
* Jordan Rules, named after Michael Jordan
* Larry Bird Exception, named after Larry Bird
* Trent Tucker Rule, named after Trent Tucker


[edit] Brazilian Jiu Jitsu

* Kimura Lock

[edit] Boxing

* Queensberry rules, after John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry (United Kingdom).

[edit] Cricket

* Bosie (alternative name for a googly), after Bernard Bosanquet (England).
* Kolpak, after Maroš Kolpak, a Slovak team handball player whose victory in the European Court of Justice opened the door to numerous non-English players in English county cricket. (Term also used in both codes of rugby.)
* Mankading, after Vinoo Mankad (India).
* Marillier shot, after Doug Marillier (Zimbabwe).

[edit] Figure Skating

* Axel jump, after Axel Paulsen (Norway).
* Besti squat, after Natalia Bestemianova (Russia).
* Biellmann spin, after Denise Biellmann (Switzerland).
* Charlotte spiral, after Charlotte Oelschlagel (Germany).
* Ina Bauer, after Ina Bauer (Germany).
* Kerrigan spiral, after Nancy Kerrigan (USA).
* Lutz jump, after Alois Lutz (Austria).
* Salchow jump, after Ulrich Salchow (Sweden).
* Loop jump, in some countries (Germany and Poland, for example) this jump is called a Rittberger, after Werner Rittberger (Germany).
* 'Tano lutz, after Brian Boitano (USA).
* Walley jump, after Nate Walley (USA).
* Kayla Catch, after Kayla Doig (Australia).

[edit] Ice Hockey

* The Datsyuk, after a particular move by Pavel Datsyuk (Russia).
* Gordie Howe hat trick, after Gordie Howe (Canada).
* Lemieux cycle, after Mario Lemieux (Canada).
* Savard spin-o-rama (or Savardian spin-o-rama), originally named after Serge Savard (Canada), but made famous by Denis Savard (Canada).

[edit] Rhythmic Gymnastics

* Timochenko[citation needed], after Alexandra Timoshenko (USSR).

[edit] Rugby League

* Sonny-Billed, means to have a really hard driving tackle performed on you, it is named after Sonny Bill Williams who consistently performed these tackles.
* Hopoate, named after John Hopoate


[edit] Tennis

Henman Hill AKA Aorangi Terrace after Tim Henman

[edit] Ultimate (Frisbee)

* Callahan, after Henry Callahan.

[edit] Weightlifting

* The Van Dam Lift, after Rob Van Dam (USA).

[edit] Wrestling

* Karelin lift, after Alexander Karelin (USSR/Russia).
* John Smith single, after John T. Smith (USA).

After Team USA's dramatic comeback win, Sgt. Felix Perez unexpectedly got the thrill of a lifetime – a locker-room celebration.

* Passan column

Olympic sports

Archery competition held during the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics. Dropped from the Olympic program after the Antwerp games, it was reinstated in 1972.

The Olympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. As of 2008, the Summer Olympics include 26 sports with 36 disciplines and about 300 events, and the Winter Olympics include 7 sports with 15 disciplines and about 80 events.[1] The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Olympiad to another.

Sports, disciplines, events

For purposes of Olympic competition, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) makes a distinction between sports and disciplines. A sport, in Olympic terms, is a single or group of disciplines as represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation.[2] For example, aquatics, represented at the Olympic level by the International Swimming Federation, is a sport at the Summer Olympics that includes the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo disciplines.[3] Skating, represented by the International Skating Union, is a sport at the Winter Olympics that includes three disciplines—figure skating, speed skating on the traditional long track, and short track speed skating.[4]

Medals are awarded on a per-event basis; there can be one or more events per sport or discipline.[2] In fact, with the removal of baseball and softball from the Summer Olympics after the 2008 Games, every current Olympic discipline has at least two events.

For most of the 20th century, demonstration sports have been included in many Olympic Games, usually to promote a non-Olympic sport popular in the host country, or to gauge interest and support for the sport.[5] Some such sports, like curling, were subsequently added to the official Olympic program. This changed when the International Olympic Committee decided in 1989 to eliminate demonstration sports from Olympics Games after 1992.[6] Although no demonstration sports have been included since then, as an alternative, the Beijing Organizing Committee received permission to organize a wushu tournament for the 2008 Summer Olympics.[7][8]

Changes

Curling was promoted to official Olympic sport at the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympics.A sport or discipline is included in the Olympic program if the IOC determines that it is widely practiced around the world, that is, the number of countries that compete in a given sport is the indicator of the sport's prevalence. The IOC's requirements reflect participation in the Olympic Games as well — more stringent toward men (as they are represented in higher numbers) and Summer sports (as more nations compete in the Summer Olympics). Sports may not depend primarily on mechanical propulsion, though there were power-boating events in the early days of the Olympics.[2] [9]

Previous Olympic Games included sports which are no longer present on the current program, like polo and tug of war.[10] These sports, known as "discontinued sports", were later removed either because of lack of interest or absence of an appropriate governing body.[2] Archery and tennis are examples of sports that were competed at the early Games and were later dropped by the IOC, but managed to return to the Olympic program (in 1972 and 1988, respectively).

The most recent change occurred on July 11, 2005, when the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the Olympic program for 2012,[11] a decision that was reaffirmed on February 9, 2006.[12] Softball and baseball are two of seven sports, including golf, rugby, squash, karate and roller sports, that will be considered at the 2009 Olympic Congress in Copenhagen for two openings on the schedule for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[

Recognized sports

Tug of war contested at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was later dropped from the Olympic program but remains a recognized sport.Many sports are not included in the Olympic program but are recognized by the IOC.[14] At any time, a recognized sport may be added to the Olympic program in future Games through a recommendation by the IOC Olympic Programme Commission followed by a voting of the IOC membership. When Olympic demonstration sports were allowed, a sport typically first appeared as such before being officially promoted.[5] An International Federation (IF) is responsible for ensuring that the sport's activities follow the Olympic Charter; from the moment their sport is recognized they become official Olympic federations and can assemble with the IOC and remaining Olympic IFs.[15] Recognized sports that are not part of the competition schedule for an Olympic Games usually become part of the schedule of the World Games.

The following sports, though not contested in the Olympic Games, are recognized by the IOC

Demonstration summer sports

The following sports or disciplines have been demonstrated at the Summer Olympic Games for the years shown, but have never been included on the official Olympic program:

* American football (1904 and 1932)
* Australian rules football (1956)
* Ballooning (1900)
* Bowling (1988)
* Boules (1900)
* Budo (1964)
* Finnish baseball (1952)



* Glima (1912)
* Gliding (1936)
* Kaatsen (1928)
* Korfball (1920 and 1928)
* La canne (1924)
* Surf lifesaving (1900)
* Longue paume (1900)



* Motorsport (1900)
* Roller hockey (1992)
* Savate (1924)
* Swedish (Ling) gymnastics (1948)
* Weight training with dumbbells (1904)
* Water skiing (1972)

Gliding was promoted from demonstration sport to an official Olympic sport in 1936 in time for the 1940 Summer Olympics, but the Games were cancelled due to the outbreak of World War II.[

Winter Olympics

Before 1924, when the first Winter Olympic Games were celebrated, sports held on ice, like figure skating and ice hockey, were contested at the Summer Olympics.[20] These two sports made their debuts at the 1908 and the 1920 Summer Olympics, respectively, but were permanently integrated in the Winter Olympics program as of the first edition.[21] The International Winter Sports Week, later dubbed the I Olympic Winter Games and retroactively recognized as such by the IOC, consisted of nine sports. The number of sports contested at the Winter Olympics has since been decreased to seven, comprising a total of fifteen disciplines.[22]

A sport or discipline must be widely practiced in at least 25 countries on three continents in order to be included on the Winter Olympics program.[2

Current winter program

The following sports (or disciplines of a sport) make up the current Winter Olympic Games official program and are listed alphabetically, according to the name used by the IOC. The figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport that were contested at the respective Games (the blue cells indicate that those sports were held at the Summer Games); a bullet denotes that the sport was contested as a demonstration sport. On some occasions, both official medal events and demonstration events were contested in the same sport at the same Games.

Three out of the seven sports consist of multiple disciplines. Disciplines from the same sport are grouped under the same color:

BOXING

Former heavyweight champion Ingemar Johansson died Friday night. He was 76 years old. According to the Swedish newspaper, The Local, Johansson died at home in Kungsbacka in western Sweden. He had been suffering from dementia in recent years. Johansson won the heavyweight title in 1959 with a third-round knockout of Floyd Patterson at Yankee Stadium. He knocked Patterson down seven times before the fight was stopped 2:03 into the third round. For his efforts, Johansson was named Sports Illustrated's Sportsman of the Year in 1959. Patterson subsequently recaptured the crown the following year at the Polo Grounds and also won the third fight in Miami in the spring of 1961.

HORSE RACING

Major changes for the Infield activities on Preakness Stakes Day at Pimlico Race Course have been announced by the Maryland Jockey Club. The new "Preakness InfieldFEST" on Saturday, May 16 will be highlighted by a concert, including Rock and Roll Hall of Famers ZZ Top. "The Preakness Stakes is the biggest single-day sporting event in the state with attendance figures exceeding 100,000 nine of the last 10 years, including eight straight," said Maryland Jockey Club president and chief operating officer Tom Chuckas. "In 100 days, the best three-year-old horses will be in Baltimore and we feel it is time for our public Infield customers to enjoy a new way to party. In this year of change it is now time to transform the Preakness Infield experience." Tickets for public Infield will remain $50 in advance and $60 on May 16. Top of the Stretch seats will remain $110 with coolers limited to 12 inches by 12 inches or smaller.

LACROSS

RUGBY

SKIING

No ordinary Joe

Joe Johnson might be having his best season as a player.
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) -Atlanta Hawks guard Joe Johnson has been a solid fantasy performer all season, but of late, he has brought his offensive game to a higher level.

Over the first 60 games, Johnson was averaging 20.7 ppg, 4.3 rpg and 6.1 apg - not bad and certainly worth playing everyday.

But over the last four games Johnson has been much better. Playing against the Hornets, Jazz, Pacers and Trailblazers, Johnson has posted four consecutive 30- point games. But it doesn't stop there, he has been filling up most of the boxscore - except blocks. Johnson is averaging 4.5 rebounds, 5.8 assists, 1.5 steals and hitting 10-for-19 from three-point range.

By Chris Symeon, Motorsports Editor
[The Inside Line]
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - Five weeks ago, Mark Martin was the talk in NASCAR as the 50-year-old driver secured the outside pole position for the season-opening Daytona 500 in his first start for Hendrick Motorsports.

After hooking up with owner Rick Hendrick and teaming with superstars Jeff Gordon, Jimmie Johnson and Dale Earnhardt Jr., Martin was gearing up for perhaps his biggest championship campaign. In a preseason poll, the media picked Martin to finish eighth in the Sprint Cup Series point standings.

NASCAR heads to Upper East Tennessee

The Food City 500 is the first of six short-track races on the Sprint Cup schedule this year.
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - While "March Madness" begins in college basketball this week, NASCAR's two weeks of short-track "madness" starts in Upper East Tennessee as the Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series take to the high banks of Bristol Motor Speedway.

Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - The first knockout round of the Champions League only confirmed what many already believed.

That the English Premiership is the best league in the world, hands down.

If the Round of 16 was a boxing match, England would have administered a swift and brutal beating on the rest of Europe, prompting the referee to step in and save the battered continent.

Chelsea's Malouda hails Hiddink's impact

Chelsea have looked a much-improved side since
interim manager Guus Hiddink took over.
Winger Florent Malouda believes Chelsea is a more dangerous attacking force under interim manager Guus Hiddink.

The Dutch coach has started his reign with an unbeaten five-game run which has seen the Blues close the gap in the Premier League on leaders Manchester United, book their place in the FA Cup semifinals and progress to the last eight of the Champions League.

Chelsea have looked a much-improved side to the one which former manager Luiz Felipe Scolari presided over for six months before being sacked in February.

Will Federer return to the top?

We're two-and-a-half months into the 2009 ATP season, and it's hard too say if Roger Federer will regain the No. 1 ranking, but I'd have to say I'm seriously leaning in the "no-way" direction.

And that would include beyond even this year.

Federer has played sparingly, to say the least, so far this season. He returned to action at Indian Wells this past weekend after taking several weeks off to rest a sore back. The ailment forced the Swiss icon to skip the lucrative event in Dubai and a Davis Cup encounter versus the host United States, as Switzerland wound up on the losing end (1-4) of that best-of-five affair in Alabama earlier this month.

Djokovic wins third-rounder at Indian Wells

Reigning champion Novak Djokovic was a third-round winner Tuesday at the $4.5 million BNP Paribas Open, the ATP World Tour's first Masters event of the year.

The third-seeded Serbian Djokovic topped former top-10 German star Tommy Haas 6-2, 7-6 (7-1) in 1 hour, 47 minutes on the hardcourts at the beautiful Indian Wells Tennis Garden. Djokovic popped eight aces and recorded three service breaks on his way to erasing the oft-injured Haas.

The reigning ATP World Tour Finals titlist Djokovic beat American Mardy Fish in last year's finale here and was the 2007 runner-up to Rafael Nadal.

Can you believe there are only three more tournaments left until "a tradition unlike any other - The Masters on CBS"?

(With March Madness in full swing on CBS, get used to hearing that phrase. A lot. A whole lot. So much so that Playboy magazine started a drinking game using various cliches used only at The Masters.)

There is only one event left that is guaranteed to get a good showing, and that's next week's Arnold Palmer Invitational. That tournament is the meat in the Transitions Championship and Houston Open sandwich.

Then it's off to Augusta National for the season's first major. With a month to go, a lot can happen, and usually does. Yet, the 2009 edition seems to have only a few names that one could realistically see on Sunday evening atop the leaderboard.

Mickelson up to No. 2 in the world rankings

Phil Mickelson earned his first World Golf Championships victory on Sunday and moved back to No. 2 in the world rankings with his second win of the season.

Tiger Woods held on to the top spot, but his lead over Mickelson is just 0.52 average points. Woods led last week's No. 2 Sergio Garcia by 1.59 average points.

With Mickelson's move up to No. 2, Garcia slipped to third in the new rankings. He was followed by Geoff Ogilvy, Padraig Harrington and Vijay Singh. Camilo Villegas jumped three notches to seventh.

Kenny Perry and Robert Karlsson exchanged places with Perry up to No. 8, while Henrik Stenson fell three to 10th.

Red Wings rally past Flyers

Johan Franzen and Henrik Zetterberg scored just 1:32 apart in the third period as Detroit rallied from a two-goal deficit to best Philadelphia, 3-2, at Joe Louis Arena.

Pavel Datsyuk and Franzen recorded a goal and assist each for the Red Wings, who have won four of five.

Chris Osgood made 24 stops in the victory, improving to 23-6-7 on the season.

Scott Hartnell and Joffrey Lupul tallied for the Flyers, who fell for the third time in four contests and extended their winless string in the Motor City to 16 games over more than 20 years

Remembering the Spectrum

By John McMullen, NBA Editor
[The Sixth Man]
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - A lot of sportswriters can play the elitist card like a classically trained cellist.

In fact, I personally know a number of scribes that look down upon the fans who read them.

I will admit that I can occasionally fall into the same trap. I mean, it is hard to understand a 40-year-old man who cares more about his favorite sports team than say his family or job.

That said, we all got into this business for one reason. At one time, no matter how much we deny it, every single sportswriter was a fan of some player or team before they embarked on their chosen career path

James' late heroics propels Cavs past Magic

LeBron James led Cleveland to its sixth straight win.
Cleveland, OH (Sports Network) - LeBron James scored 43 points, including the go-ahead three-pointer and two game-sealing free throws with 8.7 seconds left, to lift the Cavaliers over the Magic, 97-93, at Quicken Loans Arena.

James also had 12 rebounds, eight assists and four steals for Cleveland, which won its sixth straight game and 10th in 11 tries. Mo Williams chipped in 21 points and Anderson Varejao 12 in the win.

Zydrunas Ilgauskas totaled 11 boards and eight points for the Cavs, who improved to 30-1 at home.

Rooney nominated to be U.S. ambassador to Ireland

"Dan Rooney is an unwavering supporter of Irish peace,
culture, and education," said President Barack Obama.
Washington, DC (Sports Network) - Pittsburgh Steelers owner Dan Rooney was nominated to be the U.S. ambassador to Ireland by President Barack Obama on Tuesday.

Rooney, 76, is a lifelong Republican, but he endorsed Obama in Pennsylvania's Democratic primary and later campaigned for him in western Pennsylvania during the general election.

"I am honored and grateful that such a dedicated and accomplished individual has agreed to serve as the representative of the United States to the Irish people," said Obama. "Dan Rooney is an unwavering supporter of Irish peace, culture, and education, and I have every confidence that he and Secretary Clinton will ensure America's continued close and unique partnership with Ireland in the years ahead.